In terms of making internet requests and interacting with APIs, builders typically face the selection for PowerShell Curl. On this article, we evaluate and distinction these two highly effective instruments, exploring their options, syntax, and capabilities. Be a part of us as we dive into the realm of internet requests and uncover which software fits your wants greatest for seamless and environment friendly internet interplay.
Bash vs. PowerShell – Lengthy Parameters
Bash and PowerShell are two widespread scripting languages utilized in totally different working methods. They’ve totally different conventions and syntax in the case of dealing with lengthy parameters.
In Bash, lengthy parameters are sometimes dealt with utilizing the normal syntax of choices and arguments. Choices are normally represented by single letters preceded by a hyphen, whereas their corresponding arguments observe them. For instance:
command -o option_value --long-option long_option_value
On this instance, -o represents a brief possibility, and --long-option represents an extended possibility. The related values option_value and long_option_value are handed as arguments.
Utilizing REST APIs with PowerShell Curl
REST APIs may be accessed utilizing each curl and PowerShell. Whereas curl is a command-line software for making HTTP requests, PowerShell offers its personal cmdlets and modules for working with REST APIs.
Retreiving information from a REST API
To retrieve information from a REST API utilizing curl and PowerShell, you should utilize the next examples:
Utilizing curl:
curl -X GET https://api.instance.com/useful resource
Utilizing PowerShell:
Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://api.instance.com/useful resource" -Technique Get
In each circumstances, you make a GET request to the required URL to retrieve information from the REST API. By default, curl and PowerShell will deal with the response in a different way. curl will show the response physique within the console, whereas PowerShell's Invoke-RestMethod cmdlet will return the response as an object that you could additional manipulate.
REST API Knowledge Submission
To submit information to a REST API utilizing curl and PowerShell, you should utilize the next examples:
Utilizing curl:
curl -X POST -H "Content material-Sort: software/json" -d '{"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}' https://api.instance.com/useful resource
Utilizing PowerShell:
Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://api.instance.com/useful resource" -Technique Put up -Headers @{ "Content material-Sort" = "software/json" } -Physique '{"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}'
In each circumstances, you make a POST request to the required URL (https://api.instance.com/useful resource) with the offered information within the request physique.
The -H or -Headers parameter is used to incorporate any required headers, such because the content material sort ("Content material-Sort: software/json").
The -d or -Physique parameter is used to offer the info to be submitted to the API. Within the examples, the info is offered as a JSON object.
These examples display submit information to a REST API utilizing curl and PowerShell. Nevertheless, the precise implementation might fluctuate relying on the API and the info format or construction anticipated by the API. Make sure that to seek advice from the API documentation for the proper request format and any extra headers or parameters required.
To incorporate customized headers whereas submitting information to a REST API utilizing curl and PowerShell, you should utilize the next examples:
Utilizing curl:
curl -X POST -H "Content material-Sort: software/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" -d '{"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}' https://api.instance.com/useful resource
Utilizing PowerShell:
$headers = @{
"Content material-Sort" = "software/json"
"Authorization" = "Bearer <token>"
}
Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://api.instance.com/useful resource" -Technique Put up -Headers $headers -Physique '{"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}'
In each examples, the -H or -Headers parameter is used to incorporate customized headers within the request. Every header is specified as "Header-Identify: Header-Worth".
You may add a number of -H or -Headers parameters for every customized header you wish to embody. Make sure that to exchange <token> with the precise token or worth you’ll want to embody.
By together with customized headers, resembling an Authorization header, you’ll be able to present extra data or authentication credentials required by the REST API.
HTTP Response Parsing
By parsing the HTTP response, you’ll be able to entry and work with particular parts of the response, such because the standing code, headers, and the response physique, to additional course of the info or carry out extra actions primarily based on the API’s response.
When utilizing curl and PowerShell to make HTTP requests and obtain responses from a REST API, you’ll be able to parse the HTTP response to extract related data. Listed below are examples of parse the response utilizing each curl and PowerShell:
Utilizing curl:
response=$(curl -X GET https://api.instance.com/useful resource)
status_code=$(echo "$response" | awk '/HTTP/1.1/ {print $2}')
physique=$(echo "$response" | sed -n '/^s*$/{:a;n;/^s*$/b;p;ba}')
Within the instance above, the HTTP response is captured within the response variable. The standing code is extracted utilizing awk by trying to find the road that begins with “HTTP/1.1” and printing the second column. The response physique is extracted utilizing sed by trying to find an empty line and printing all subsequent non-empty traces.
Utilizing PowerShell:
$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://api.instance.com/useful resource" -Technique Get
$status_code = $response.StatusCode
$physique = $response.Content material
Within the PowerShell instance, the HTTP response is captured within the $response variable utilizing the Invoke-RestMethod cmdlet. The standing code is accessed utilizing the $response.StatusCode property, and the response physique is accessed utilizing the $response.Content material property.
Getting Knowledge from a Webpage
To retrieve information from a webpage utilizing curl and PowerShell, you may make an HTTP GET request to the webpage’s URL. This is how you are able to do it with each curl and PowerShell:
Utilizing curl:
curl -L https://www.instance.com
Within the instance above, the -L flag is used to observe any redirects which will happen. Exchange https://www.instance.com with the precise URL of the webpage you wish to retrieve information from. The HTML content material of the webpage will likely be displayed within the console output.
Utilizing PowerShell:
$response = Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://www.instance.com"
$response.Content material
Within the PowerShell instance, the Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet is used to make the HTTP GET request to the required URL. The response is saved within the $response variable. To entry the HTML content material of the webpage, you should utilize the $response.Content material property.
To submit a type utilizing curl and PowerShell, you may make an HTTP POST request to the shape’s motion URL and embody the required type information. This is how you are able to do it with each curl and PowerShell:
Writing Kinds
Utilizing curl:
curl -X POST -F "username=myusername" -F "password=mypassword" https://www.instance.com/login
Within the instance above, -X POST signifies that it is a POST request, -F is used to specify the shape fields and their values (username and password on this case), and https://www.instance.com/login is the URL the place the shape is submitted. Exchange myusername and mypassword with the precise values you wish to submit.
Utilizing PowerShell:
$information = @{
username = "myusername"
password = "mypassword"
}
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://www.instance.com/login" -Technique POST -Physique $information
Within the PowerShell instance, the shape information is saved in a hashtable ($information) with the sector names as keys and their values. The Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet is then used to make the HTTP POST request to the required URL with the shape information because the request physique. Exchange https://www.instance.com/login with the precise URL the place the shape is submitted.
Net Session/Cookies
To make use of a internet session or cookies with curl and PowerShell, it can save you and reuse cookies between a number of requests. This lets you keep the session state and authentication data. This is how you are able to do it with each curl and PowerShell:
Utilizing curl:
curl -c cookies.txt -b cookies.txt https://www.instance.com
curl -b cookies.txt https://www.instance.com/protected-resource
Within the instance above, -c cookies.txt is used to avoid wasting the cookies to a file, and -b cookies.txt is used to load cookies from the file for subsequent requests. The primary curl command makes a request to https://www.instance.com and saves the obtained cookies to the cookies.txt file.
The second curl command makes use of the saved cookies to entry a protected useful resource at https://www.instance.com/protected-resource. Exchange the URLs with the suitable URLs on your use case.
Utilizing PowerShell:
Within the PowerShell instance, $session is created as a brand new occasion of Microsoft.PowerShell.Instructions.WebRequestSession. The Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet is then used with the -WebSession parameter to make requests utilizing the session object. This enables the session object to deal with cookies and keep the session state between requests. Exchange the URLs with the suitable URLs on your use case.
Through the use of an online session or cookies, you’ll be able to keep the session state and authentication data when making a number of requests to the identical server. That is particularly helpful when interacting with internet purposes that require authentication or retailer session-specific information.
